northern red oak (quercus rubra)

northern red oak is one of the great hardwoods of the northeast — fast-growing, long-lived, and stately. our seed is collected from rugged southern maine trees growing in sandy pine barren soils, making these especially well adapted to dry, lean sites. despite their toughness, red oaks also thrive in richer soils, where they can reach 70–90 feet with straight trunks and broad, rounded crowns.

the foliage is bold and handsome: glossy, deeply lobed leaves that turn a fiery scarlet to russet-red in autumn, holding color longer than most oaks and making this one of the premier native shade trees for fall display. in winter, the strong branch structure and dark bark carry quiet dignity in the landscape.

red oaks are ecological keystones. acorns provide vital food for deer, turkeys, bears, squirrels, and songbirds, while the leaves host hundreds of moth and butterfly species, fueling entire food webs. few trees support more wildlife. the acorns mature in two seasons, producing a consistent crop that sustains both game and songbirds alike.

red oaks are also remarkably resilient. they grow quickly compared to most oaks, tolerate dry sandy soils, urban pollution, and compacted ground, and are hardy across the northeast. with deep roots and durable wood, they are excellent choices for homesteads, restoration projects, or as long-lived specimen shade trees.

planting notes

• height: 70–90 ft (occasionally taller)
• soil: adaptable; prefers well-drained loam but thrives in sandy or rocky soils
• light: full sun
• fall color: brilliant scarlet to russet red
• growth: relatively fast for an oak; long-lived
• wildlife: acorns for mammals and birds; foliage hosts hundreds of caterpillars